Bhagat Singh

1.       He was born in Lyallpur, Punjab, British India on September 27, 1907.

2.       Bhagat Singh was born in a Sikh family in village Khatkar Kalan in Nawanshahar district of Punjab.

3.       The district has now been renamed as Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar in his memory.

4.       He was the third son of Sardar Kishan Singh and Vidyavati.

5.       Bhagat Singh's family was actively involved in freedom struggle.

6.       His father Kishan Singh and uncle Ajit Singh were members of Ghadr Party founded in the U.S to oust British rule from India.

7.       Family atmosphere had a great effect on the mind of young Bhagat Singh and patriotism flowed in his veins from childhood.

8.       He was an Indian nationalist considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement.

9.       He is often referred to as Shaheed Bhagat Singh, the word Shaheed meaning "martyr" in a number of Indian languages.

10.   In early life his religion was Sikhism.

11.   In later life his religion was Atheist.

12.   His major organizations  was  Naujawan Bharat Sabha, Kirti Kissan Party and Hindustan  Socialist Republican Association.

13.   He influences  Anarchism, Communism, Socialism.

14.   He is the symbol of the heroism of the youth of India.

15.   A revolutionary He threw a bomb when the Legislature was in session to warn the British Government.

16.   He was put to death but lives in the hearts of his countrymen.

17.   He was one of the most prominent faces of Indian freedom struggle.

18.   While studying at the local D.A.V. School in Lahore, in 1916, young Bhagat Singh came into contact with some well-known political leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai and Ras Bihari Bose.

19.   Punjab was politically very charged in those days.

20.   In 1919, when Jalianwala Bagh massacre took place, Bhagat Singh was only 12 years old.

21.   The massacre deeply disturbed him. On the next day of massacre Bhagat Singh went to Jalianwala Bagh and collected soil from the spot and kept it as a memento for the rest of his life.

22.   The massacre strengthened his resolve to drive British out from India.

23.   He went to Lahore and formed a union of revolutionaries by name 'Naujavan Bharat Sabha'. 

24.   He started spreading the message of revolution in Punjab.

25.   Bhagat Singh was taken to the notorious Mianwali Jail in the undivided Punjab, to which he was transferred immediately after his conviction in the Assembly-Bomb case.

26.    Later, he was shifted to the Lahore Central Jail for his trial in Saunders Murder case, which later came to be known as the Lahore Conspiracy Case.

27.   In Mianwali Jail Bhagat Singh soon came into contact with political prisoners, who were also undergoing life imprisonment in connection with their participation in the Ghadr" movement of 1914-15, Martial Law Agitation and Babbar Akali Movement.

28.    From them, he learnt and saw for himself the atrocities committed on the political prisoners.

29.   While in jail, on the 15th June, 1929 Bhagat Singh and other prisoners launched a hunger strike advocating for the rights of prisoners and undertrials.

30.   The reasons for the strike was that British murderers and thieves were treated better than Indian political prisoners, who, by law, were meant to be given better rights.

31.    Their aims in their strike was to ensure a decent standard of food for political prisoners, the availability of books and a daily newspaper, as well as better clothing and the supply of toilet necessities and other hygienic necessities.

32.   To acquaint the authorities with their demands and to get their redress, Bhagat Singh sent the following application on, dated 27th June, 1929, to the Inspector-General, Punjab Jails, Lahore, Through the Superintendent, Mianwali District Jail.

33.   In 1928 he attended a meeting of revolutionaries in Delhi and came into contact with Chandrasekhar Azad. The two formed 'Hindustan Samajvadi Prajatantra Sangha'.

34.   Its aim was to establish a republic in India by means of an armed revolution.

35.   Durga Bhabhi, the wife of a revolutionary Bhagavaticharan, and their child followed Bhagat Singh, so that people would think they were Bhagat Singh's wife and child.

36.   Bhagat singh was hanged to death by the British.

37.   He was our one of the greatest freedom fighter

38.   He was died in Lahore, Punjab, British India on March 23, 1931.

Alligator weed

1.    Alternanthera philoxeroides, commonly known as Alligator weed, is an immersed aquatic plant.

2.    Alligator weed is a Weed of National Significance.

3.    It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in Australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts.

4.    It is an especially troublesome weed because it invades both land and water, and is very hard to control.

5.    Alligator weed can grow with roots embedded in the bank or on the bottom of shallow water bodies, or float freely on the water surface.

6.    It spreads its leaves across the water surface, forming dense mats.

7.    The long spreading stems are hollow, helping it to float.

8.    The roots are thin and stringy, and trail in the water from the joints between plant segments (the nodes).

9.    Alligatorweed is usually found growing in water, it is also capable of growing in a variety of habitats including dry land.

10. The stems of alligator weed are long, branched and hollow with 2 leaves opposite each other.

11. The flowers grow from the axils of the leaves.

12. They have five white sepals and appear as white balls.

13. Alligator weed is found in ponds, lakes, streams, canals and irrigation ditches and can form dense, sprawling mats.

14.  It originated in South America, but has spread to many parts of the world and is considered an invasive species in Australia, China, New Zealand, Thailand and the United States.

15. When alligator weed invades waterways it can reduce water flow and quality by preventing light penetration and oxygenation of the water.

16. It can also reduce water bird and fish activity and cause the death of fish and native plants.

17. Alligator weed mats create a favorable habitat for breeding mosquitoes.

18. Alligator weed is also difficult to control.

19. Insects have been released for the biological control of alligator weed.

20. The most successful and widely used is Agasicles hygrophila commonly called the alligator weed flea beetle; it has been released for biocontrol in Australia, China, Thailand, New Zealand and the United States.

21. Amynothrips andersoni, the alligator weed thrips, and Vogtia malloi, the alligator weed stem borer, have also been released in the United States.